Posts Tagged ‘Search Exercise Planners Handbook’

Search exercise planners handbook – Part Five

November 18th, 2009

Picking your search exercise’s SCENARIO

One of the other things that often let’s down ALSAR search exercises is their scenarios. This is despite the fact that many search exercise planners and training officers spend a large amount of time coming up with these fantastic scenarios [or more accurately because they do!]

Classic examples of this include some probationary ALSAR Units’ assessment exercises such as the man who abducted his two children and is now deemed suicidal. Probably thought up to give a definate IPP and three mispers to find, the scenario is unrealistic. How often does your Unit get these calls? Does your local police really believe you are an appropriate resource to use for locating abducted children anyway? [Personally I'd have failed the Unit for not thinking about or mentioning this during the briefing - but I suppose if you are set this for your assessment, with police and assessors looking on you are stuck with it!]

So what scenario should you use? Guess what, you need to train for what we do. So go back to your Unit’s callout stats – find out what you are generally used for and start thinking about that as a scenario. Over two thirds of ALSAR callouts are for mispers with Dementia and Despondents. So over two thirds of your search training scenarios should be for these – unless your local stats tell you something different. This might happen; a coastal Unit may be called for missing children on holiday more – I don’t know, your Unit should!

Once you have your misper type, you then need to turn to your misper stats. Get out your well-thumbed copy of Koester’s Lost Person Behavior and find out what this type of misper does. How far they travel? Where they are found? How far from the track? In what sorts of environment and position?

This should form the basis of your planning for where the misper will be during the exercise. Whilst it is tempting to position the misper to be found at the “right” time when the exercise should end, try to avoid this – it will skew searchers expectations of where missing persons are found. Rather select an appropriate location according to the stats – 30% of the time in your exercises they will be close in and found quickly for instance [or hopefully they will], 20% of the time they will be found by R&P outside the hub and so on.

You can always plan an extra activity to follow the exercise if it finishes too early. However, most ALSAR Units do not leave enough time to properly de-brief and feedback following exercises anyway. UKLSI allows one and an half to two hours to de-brief the Team Leaders after their assessment exercise which last three hours – this is on top of their assessment feedback; just time for them to share what they have learnt from the exercise. This gives you an idea of how much can be learnt from this process and how little it is done after Unit exercises.

So pick your scenarios with care and attention to detail. They can make or break the exercise and its benefits to your Unit.

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Search exercise planners handbook – Part Four

November 11th, 2009

or Terrain Analysis for Search Exercises

Once you have selected your search area, looked at the practicalities of holding the search exercise and gone about gaining the required permissions, you need to undertake a terrain analysis of the whole search area. You will need to look at the possible search sectors, the hazards and the health & safety for the search exercise.

Planning a search exercise requires a good knowledge of Search Control / Search Management. Because at this stage you are going to need to sit down with a map and try to think like the Control Team and work out the various ways in which they might sector the map. [Do not sector the map for them; they need the practice. Just look at what they might potentially do]

Are there sufficient search sectors for the numbers expected on the exercise? Or are there too many; too large? and so on. This is a difficult job. You will need to be able to look at a map, and indeed on the ground, and be able to estimate search times for the terrain/conditions. Getting an exercise right means being able to judge how long it will take to search the ground, and not relying too often on “intelligence gathered” or “sightings” to put teams in the right area. [How realistic is that?]

You will need to get out on the ground. This will help you to do the above, but what you really need to be doing is looking for those hazards and health and safety issues that just cannot be seen from a map.

This is not to say we should wrap our searchers up in cotton wool – it is possible to have a perfectly safe search (and search exercise); just don’t do it and leave the misper to it. Or we could trust our searchers to make sensible risk managment decisions on the ground?

What you are really trying to do is identify any potential issues, hazards and health & safety issues in order to decide beforehand how to manage them. It might be briefing the search control team prior to the exercise or it might just be ensuring suitable PPE is available if and when the issue is identified. Either way, knowing in advance is best.

ALSAR Units should have a generic risk assessment for search. However, anyone planning an exercise should carry out their own risk assessment for the exercise. Ask those, What If? questions. Do we need first aid cover? Do we need a safety team available? Where is the nearest hospital? and so on.

As I said before, better to prepare in advance, than rely solely upon your searchers’ professionalism all the time; they DESERVE BETTER!

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Search exercise planners handbook – Part Three

November 2nd, 2009

Once you have decided on potential search areas, based upon historic data etc. you then need to thing about the practicalities of the exercise. Issues like where will you run the search from? RVs, parking, welfare and so on.

Parking is always an issue when search volunteers are traveling from around the county to the exercise. You need to think about how many cars will be arriving and where to put them. Very few places will accommodate on-street parking for so many cars so local supermarkets, car parks etc. will need to be found.

Permissions need to be sought; for parking but also for search areas. This may mean visiting or phoning in advance and asking land owners, hospitals etc. for permission to exercise and mapping out where search managers can and cannot search and suitable RV points and Control Points. (Whilst these are generally close to each other, a couple of hundred metres between the two can be advantageous!)

You will also need to consider the local residents and neighbours. Whilst it is often great publicity for locals to see you out and about; this can turn against you if your exercise annoys or inconvenience them. Careful thought in advance about how to deal with this is important, and you may want to consider a letter to inform any really nearby neighbours what is happening. This is a good opportunity to inform them about what you do too.

The welfare of volunteers is important too. Many will have travelled for an hour or so, maybe straight from work so nearby toilet facilities are a big plus point.

The more you think about the practicalities beforehand – the smoother the exercise!

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Search exercise planners handbook – Part Two

October 23rd, 2009

Too often search exercises are run in the same old places. The reasons for this are clear – often close by, easy to park etc. etc. However, by doing this the exercise loses so much. TLs don’t need to navigate, SCs don’t need to think about RVs, Units don’t need to think about annoying residents and no one needs to really think!

So what should you think about when selecting an area? This post is about pre-exercise planning of search areas – next week I’ll write about practical aspects of selecting a search area.

Each ALSAR Unit should have a record of where they have searched in the past in their county. They will have a record of outstanding high risk mispers in their county and will have a list of SAR Pre-plans. Between these three, each Unit should have a list of training locations that would last at least a year or two of exercising every month!

Looking back over your Unit’s search data search exercise planners will start to get a feel for where they are called out to in their county. There are regular locations in every place – hospitals where despondent and those suffering from mental health issues go missing regularly, beauty spots which despondents regularly seek out and country parks, woods etc. which often provide the setting for searches.

If you have a location where you often get called out to, it makes sense that you have a search pre-plan of the area and that this is regularly practiced. And this means holding an exercise in the area – especially if you haven’t had an actual search incident there for over twelve months.

So look back over your past data – find those locations where multiple searches have been held for different mispers and make a list of them. This in itself should provide ample areas for search exercise planning.

There is one additional source of search exercise areas – areas where your county has outstanding high risk mispers. At some point search operations are suspended – the police and search management team have to weigh up the likelihood of successfully finding the misper in what could be very large search areas taking into consideration that search volunteers can’t take unlimited time off work etc. [It is a horrible call to have to make and probably the one hard thing SCs have to do alongside potentially dealing with the family.]

This means though that the misper could be lying dead, just outside the high probability search areas. During an actual search it is unrealistic to search these – but when looking for search areas for exercises, why not visit these areas?

It obviously takes some tact. A visit from the family’s FLO to explain that the Unit is exercising in the area, and are aware of the misper’s details, not to get their hopes up but that the police and search team are still thinking about the misper and so on. After all – if we can find their relative at least they could start the grieving process.

So next time you plan a search exercise – don’t just head to the nearest country park with easy parking, toilets and that you use every time. Take some time to study what your Unit actually does and where it actually searches and start exercising here.

And if you run out of these areas to search, at least you will have a much better feel for the types of search area you need to look for to plan your next search exercise!

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Vulnerable missing person search exercise planner’s handbook – Part One

October 16th, 2009

This is the first part to a series that I’ve wanted to write for a while – on how to plan a useful search exercise.

Over the next couple of weeks I hope to cover how to select an appropriate search area, preparing the area, deciding on a appropriate search scenario, briefing and debriefing the exercise and so on.

Today though, I want to explain why I think there is a need for such a handbook and then how to start planning a vulnerable missing person search exercise.

Why do I think there is a need for a vulnerable missing person search exercise planners handbook?

ALSAR Units put on search exercises every couple of months, if not more often – surely they must be doing something right. And, of course, they are … BUT they could get so much more out of their search exercises with a little more thought, and a little more planning.

What errors then are being made? Simple things such as not having an objective for the training, not training in the right area or using the right scenario and so on – all of which I hope to cover over the next few weeks.

The first, and most important part of running a search exercise is to have an objective for the exercise. What exactly are you hoping to achieve with the exercise?

It might be that you are using the exercise to re-assess existing ST and TLs, or even as a practice for your SCs. However, it might be that you are evaluating new search techniques or tactics, or evaluating a pre-plan. You might be following up tracking awareness training with an exercise with track or sign, and so on.

Whatever your objectives for the training these need to be formulated, preferably written down and shared with everyone involved with the exercise. Whether you have achieved these objectives will form part of the after-exercise de-briefing.

As always, objectives need to be specific, measurable, achievable etc.

So, for instance, an exercise might be to give the instructors the opportunity to re-assess x no. of search technicians. In order to achieve this the instructors would need to be able to observe them being briefed, searching a variety of areas, de-briefing and so on.

Another exercise’s objectives might be to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly written pre-plan. Feedback from participants in this exercise would then help revise the search pre-plan based upon their experiences, hazards they encountered, map revisions that need to be made and so on.

Only when you have thought about and have clear objectives for a search exercise will it actually be a useful activity – otherwise you are just walking around in a field/wood playing…

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